BCNF ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມລ້າແລະການເພີ່ມຄວາມສົມບູນຂອງຂໍ້ມູນ
ເປົ້າຫມາຍຂອງ Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) ແມ່ນເພື່ອເພີ່ມ ຄວາມສົມບູນຂອງຂໍ້ມູນ ໂດຍການຈັດຕາຕະລາງແລະຕາຕະລາງຂອງຖານຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງເພື່ອບັນລຸຖານຂໍ້ມູນແບບປົກກະຕິ. ຖານຂໍ້ມູນປົກກະຕິ ເກີດຂື້ນເມື່ອມີການສ້າງຕັ້ງຄວາມສໍາພັນລະຫວ່າງຕາຕະລາງແລະເວລາທີ່ຕາຕະລາງໄດ້ກໍານົດກົດລະບຽບເພື່ອເຮັດໃຫ້ຖານຂໍ້ມູນມີຄວາມຍືດຫຍຸ່ນແລະຮັກສາຂໍ້ມູນ.
ເປົ້າຫມາຍຂອງການປົກກະຕິຂອງຖານຂໍ້ມູນແມ່ນເພື່ອລົບລ້າງຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ບໍ່ຈໍາເປັນແລະເພື່ອໃຫ້ຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈຂໍ້ມູນມີຄວາມຮູ້ສຶກ.
ຖານຂໍ້ມູນເປັນປົກກະຕິໃນເວລາທີ່ຂໍ້ມູນດຽວກັນບໍ່ໄດ້ເກັບຮັກສາໄວ້ໃນຫຼາຍກວ່າຫນຶ່ງຕາຕະລາງແລະໃນເວລາທີ່ມີ ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ ພຽງແຕ່ເກັບໄວ້ໃນຕາຕະລາງ.
ຮູບແບບປົກກະຕິຂອງ Boyce-Codd Normal Form
ປະຕິບັດຕາມຊຸດຄໍາແນະນໍາໃຫ້ແນ່ໃຈວ່າຖານຂໍ້ມູນຖືກປົກກະຕິ. ຄໍາແນະນໍາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຖືກເອີ້ນວ່າແບບປົກກະຕິແລະຖືກນັບຈາກຫນຶ່ງຫາຫ້າ. ຖານຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງແມ່ນໄດ້ຖືກອະທິບາຍເປັນປະກະຕິຖ້າມັນພົບກັບສາມຮູບແບບທໍາອິດຄື 1NF, 2NF ແລະ 3NF.
BCNF ໄດ້ຖືກສ້າງຂື້ນເປັນການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໃນຮູບແບບປົກກະຕິທີສາມ, ຫຼື 3NF, ໃນ 1974 ໂດຍ Raymond Boyce ແລະ Edgar Codd. ຜູ້ຊາຍໄດ້ເຮັດວຽກເພື່ອສ້າງແຜນວາດຖານຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ຊ່ວຍຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຄວາມເສຍຫາຍທີ່ມີເປົ້າຫມາຍໃນການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການໃຊ້ເວລາໃນຄອມພີວເຕີ້. ແບບຟອມປົກກະຕິທີສາມຖອນເອົາຖັນທີ່ບໍ່ຂຶ້ນກັບຄີຫລັກນອກເຫນືອໄປຈາກຄໍາແນະນໍາໃນຮູບແບບປົກກະຕິທໍາອິດແລະທີສອງ. BCNF, ເຊິ່ງບາງຄັ້ງເອີ້ນວ່າ 3.5NF, ຕອບສະຫນອງຄວາມຕ້ອງການທັງຫມົດຂອງ 3NF ແລະຮຽກຮ້ອງໃຫ້ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ບໍ່ມີຄວາມກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບຄຸນລັກສະນະອື່ນໆໃນຕາຕະລາງ.
ໃນເວລາທີ່ການສ້າງ BCNF, Boyce ແມ່ນຫນຶ່ງໃນບັນດານັກພັດທະນາທີ່ສໍາຄັນຂອງພາສາອັງກິດແບບພາສາອັງກິດແບບສອບຖາມ (SQL) ເຊິ່ງຊ່ວຍເພີ່ມການດຶງຂໍ້ມູນໂດຍໃຊ້ຮູບແບບທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງຂອງ Codd. ໃນຮູບແບບນີ້, Codd ສະເຫນີວ່າຄວາມສັບສົນຂອງໂຄງສ້າງຂອງຖານຂໍ້ມູນຈະຫຼຸດລົງ, ຊຶ່ງຫມາຍຄວາມວ່າການສອບຖາມສາມາດມີຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງແລະມີຄວາມຍືດຫຍຸ່ນ.
ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນກ່ຽວກັບຖານຂໍ້ມູນກ່ຽວກັບການພົວພັນລາວ, ຄໍາແນະນໍາຂອງ Codd 1NF, 2NF ແລະ 3NF. ລາວໄດ້ຮ່ວມມືກັບ Boyce ເພື່ອກໍານົດ BCNF.
Keys Candidate ແລະ BCNF
ຫຼັກການຂອງຜູ້ສະຫມັກເປັນຄໍລໍາຫຼືປະສົມປະສານຂອງຄໍລໍາໃນຕາຕະລາງເຊິ່ງເປັນກຸນແຈທີ່ເປັນເອກະລັກໃນຖານຂໍ້ມູນ. ການປະສົມປະສານຂອງຄຸນລັກສະນະສາມາດຖືກນໍາໃຊ້ເພື່ອກໍານົດບັນທຶກຖານຂໍ້ມູນໂດຍບໍ່ຕ້ອງອ້າງອີງໃສ່ຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນໆ. ຕາຕະລາງແຕ່ລະຄົນສາມາດບັນຈຸມີຄູ່ມືການນໍາໃຊ້ຫຼາຍຢ່າງ, ແຕ່ວ່າຫນຶ່ງໃນນັ້ນສາມາດມີເງີນເປັນຄີຫລັກ. ຕາຕະລາງມີພຽງແຕ່ຫນຶ່ງຄີຫຼັກ.
ປຸ່ມທີ່ຕ້ອງການຕ້ອງເປັນເອກະລັກ.
ຄວາມສໍາພັນແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນ BCNF ຖ້າວ່າທຸກໆຕົວກໍານົດແມ່ນຫຼັກການຂອງຜູ້ສະຫມັກ. ພິຈາລະນາຕາຕະລາງຖານຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ເກັບຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານຂອງພະນັກງານແລະມີຄຸນສົມບັດ , , , ແລະ . </p>
<p> ໃນຕາຕະລາງນີ້, ພາກສະຫນາມ <Employee_Id> ກໍານົດ first_name ແລະ last_name. ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັນ, tuple (<First_name>, <Last_name>) ກໍານົດ <Employee_id>. </p>
<table><tbody><tr><td> <strong>Employee Id</strong> </td><td> <strong>ຊື່ແທ້</strong> </td><td> <strong>ນາມສະກຸນ</strong> </td><td> <strong>Title</strong> </td></tr><tr><td> 13133 </td><td> Emily </td><td> Smith </td><td> ຜູ້ຈັດການ </td></tr><tr><td> 13134 </td><td> Jim </td><td> Smith </td><td> Associate </td></tr><tr><td> 13135 </td><td> Emily </td><td> Jones </td><td> Associate </td></tr></tbody></table><p><br> ຄີຂອງຜູ້ສະຫມັກສໍາລັບ <a href="https://lo.eyewated.com/glossary-of-common-terms-database/">ຖານຂໍ້ມູນ</a> ນີ້ແມ່ນ <Employee_Id> ເພາະວ່າມັນເປັນຄ່າດຽວທີ່ບໍ່ສາມາດໃຊ້ໄດ້ໂດຍແຖວອື່ນ. </p>
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